Dentika: Dental Journal

The Study of Antifungal Activity of Betadine (Jatropha multifida) Stem Sap Extract against Candida albicans Growth In Vitro

2024-10-16T10:41:37+07:00

Indonesia has many medicinal plants that can be used to treat various diseases, especially infectious diseases. Several infections are caused by a fungus (yeast) of Candida albicans. Candida albicans is a normal oral cavity flora, but it is also an opportunistic pathogen that causes diseases such as candidiasis. Betadine stem sap (Jatropha multifida) has been widely used in humans to heal wounds and treat fungal infections. This study evaluated the antifungal activity of betadine stem sap extract at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100% with nystatin as positive control and DMSO as negative control. Betadine stem sap extract was obtained using the maceration method with DMSO as a solvent. This study is a true experimental study using a post-test-only control group design. The method used is Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion using potato dextrose agar as the medium. The data obtained were tested using one-way ANOVA and post hoc LSD test. As a result, the betadine stem sap extract at 100% concentration showed the highest mean diameter of the inhibition at 20.8 mm, and the lowest at 25% concentration was 17.5 mm. This study concluded that betadine stem sap extract showed antifungal activity in which 100% of the extract inhibited the growth of Candida albicans yeast the most compared to nystatin (p < 0.05).

Differences in Fractal Analysis Values for Batak Tribe based on Age Groups in terms of Panoramic Radiograph

2025-03-24T11:14:29+07:00

Mandibular growth and development are often used as indicators of age. Dentists perform fractal analysis using panoramic radiographs to assess mandibular bone density during its growth and development. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the differences in the mean of fractal analysis values of individuals from the Batak Tribe using a panoramic radiograph. The method used was a cross-sectional design comprising 120 panoramic radiographs. Based on age category, the radiographs were divided equally into Groups 1 (ages 6-12 years), 2 (13-18 years), 3 (19-24 years), 4 (25-35 years), 5 (36-45 years) and 6 (45-60 years). ImageJ software was used to measure density, and data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and LSD statistical tests. The highest to lowest mean of right and left fractal analysis values were observed in groups 4, 5, 3, 6, 2, and 1, respectively. The results showed significant differences in fractal analysis value across age groups within the Batak Tribe based on panoramic radiograph assessments.

The Effect of 2% Nanochitosan Oligosaccharide Gel as Cavity Cleanser on Dentin Resin Attachment to Ethanol-Water and Acetone Solvent Adhesives Using Dry and Wet Bonding Techniques

2025-03-24T12:36:51+07:00

Cavity cleanser is characterized by low toxicity, biocompatible, and antibacterial properties. It has the ability to remove the smear layer and inhibit the matrix metalloproteinase enzyme. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of 2% nano-chitosan oligosaccharide gel as a cavity cleanser on dentin resin attachment using ethanol-water and acetone solvent adhesives with dry and wet-bonding techniques. A total of 48 upper premolars with class I restoration were divided into eight treatment groups. Four groups were treated with 2% nano-chitosan oligosaccharide gel combined with ethanol-water or acetone solvent adhesives, while the other four received 2% chlorhexidine digluconate with the same adhesives. In the process, both bonding techniques were applied. Microleakage was assessed by measuring the penetration of 2% methylene blue dye into samples cut mesiodistally through a stereomicroscope with 1x magnification and given a score of 0-3. The results showed that the 2% oligosaccharide nano-chitosan gel group with ethanol-water solvent adhesive using the wet-bonding technique (0.33 ± 0.516) had the lowest microleakage score. Additionally, the Kruskal-Wallis test presented significant differences between the four treatment groups (p<0.05).

Chinese Petai Leaf Extract Gel (Leucaena glauca, Benth) decreasing neutrophil number in gingival inflammation animal model of Wistar Rats

2025-04-16T15:02:03+07:00

When damage signals occur, neutrophils are the first cells to migrate from blood vessels as a natural response of the body. However, in chronic inflammation, neutrophils contribute to tissue injury and potentiate the immune response. This study aimed to determine the number of neutrophil cells in gingiva of rats induced with inflammation after the administration of Chinese petai leaf extract gel. The study was conducted using true experiment with a posttest-only controlled group design in vivo. Male Wistar rats were induced with Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC®33277TM bacteria on the cervical gingiva and kept for 4x24 hours until inflammation occurred. Inflammed gingiva in rats was treated in several groups, including gel containing Chinese petai leaf extract of 6 and 15%, Gengigel®, and distilled water. On days 3 and 5, a dissection of each treatment group was conducted to determine the number of neutrophil cells in rats using an Olympus CX31 microscope at 400x magnification. One-way ANOVA analysis revealed that the 15% concentration significantly reduced the neutrophil count on days 3 and 5 (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, Chinese petai leaf extract gel 15% reduced the number of neutrophils in rats with gingivitis on days 3 and 5. This signified a normal transition from the inflammatory phase, which was considered beneficial for rapid wound healing. Future research is necessary to explore the content of Chinese petai leaves at different concentrations.

Allergy as Predisposing Factors of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis

2025-05-15T11:09:55+07:00

Allergy is an abnormality or alteration in the immune system's response to foreign proteins. The clinical presentation of allergic reactions can vary widely, including recurrent aphthous stomatitis in the oral cavity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of allergy as a potential etiology of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. For the assessment, a descriptive design was used, comprising 50 patients diagnosed with minor-type recurrent aphthous stomatitis who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Diagnosis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis was established through the patient’s history and clinical examination. Subsequently, blood samples were taken to analyze the levels of IgE and eosinophils. This was followed by a computer-based analysis conducted to assess the prevalence of allergy history along with the levels of IgE and eosinophils. The results showed that 14 patients (28%) had a history of allergies, while laboratory examinations identified 29 patients (58%) with elevated IgE levels, and 13 patients (26%) had high eosinophil levels. This suggested that allergy could play a role in the predisposition of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Consequently, allergy assessments were recommended for patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis, using either allergy history or laboratory tests.

Optimizing Aesthetic Outcome of Anterior Implant with Provisional Restoration

2025-03-07T11:02:49+07:00

The replacement of missing teeth in the esthetic zone presents a significant challenge for dentists. Among the available treatment options such as fixed bridges and removable dentures implant-supported tooth replacement for a single edentulous site is often the preferred approach. To replicate the natural tooth contour in the cervical area, implant restoration requires a provisional restoration that serves as a tissue former, helping to mimic the shape of a natural tooth. Compared to stock healing abutments, this customized tissue former offers a distinct advantage in achieving optimal soft tissue contouring. In this case, a 40-year-old female patient complained about her right upper lateral incisor tooth (Tooth 12 is fractured). Anamnesis, along with extra- and intra-oral examinations, is conducted to assess the patient's condition. Additionally, 3D radiography is performed to evaluate the implant site and develop an appropriate treatment plan. To achieve a more ideal emergence profile and soft tissue contour, implant placement with a provisional resin restoration was chosen as the preferred approach. In conclusion, recognizing and managing peri-implant tissue is the key to long-term esthetic success. The use of provisional resin restoration is maintaining and preserving more bone and soft tissue in the implant area. The patient feels satisfied aesthetically and comfortable with the final restoration.

A Narrative Review of Myxoid Solitary Fibrous Tumor: A Rare Benign Maxillofacial Tumor

2025-05-06T14:03:05+07:00

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a relatively rare mesenchymal neoplasm characterized by spindle cells exhibiting fibroblastic differentiation. The neoplasm was initially identified in the pleura but had later been recognized in various human anatomical areas. In addition, it typically features disorganized spindle cells, varying cell density, collagen-rich stroma, and slender branching blood vessels. Several studies have shown that myxoid SFT with a significant myxoid stroma is exceedingly rare, with less than 15 cases reported. Approximately 20% of SFT often occurs in the head and neck, including the meninges. The extracranial head and neck area have been reported to be the most common areas, particularly the sinonasal tract, oral cavity, and deep soft tissues, such as the orbit. Therefore, this narrative review aims to describe the distinctive features of SFT to assist clinicians in identifying their rarity.

Aesthetic innovation in clear aligners for orthodontic treatment

2025-03-24T11:21:05+07:00

Clear aligners are gaining popularity as an alternative to conventional fixed orthodontic appliances in orthodontic treatment due to the aesthetic appeal and comfort. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to discuss the current state of aesthetical value, clinical efficacy, material, and limitations of clear aligners in orthodontic treatments compared to fixed orthodontic appliances. A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCOHost, and Google Scholar, resulting in 657 articles, and only 19 met the inclusion criteria for in-depth analysis. The result showed that clear aligners, particularly Invisalign, are effective for mild to moderate malocclusions, offering enhanced aesthetics and increased patient satisfaction. However, these appliances are less effective than traditional braces in achieving precise tooth movements, such as occlusal adjustments and torque control. Advances in aligner materials, such as improved elasticity and reduced biofilm accumulation showed great potential but are limited by the amount of study found. In addition to the aesthetical value, clear aligners provide better treatment outcomes than fixed orthodontic appliances depending on the complexity of the malocclusion being treated.

Natural Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Derived from Fish Bones as Biomaterial in Vital Pulp Therapy – A Literature Review

2025-04-16T12:55:47+07:00

Vital pulp therapy (VPT) is performed to treat teeth affected by deep caries, trauma, or restoration-induced perforations. Synthetic bioactive materials (non-biologic materials), including Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and Bioaggreates cement are commonly used in this procedure. The limitations of MTA were long setting times, difficult manipulation processes, and discoloration. Biodentine is characterized by low radiopacity, difficulty in obtaining optimal consistency, and high costs, while bioaggregate cement has an extended setting time, which can impact the success of the therapy. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the use of fishbone, an abundant biological waste and a natural biomaterial as a treatment alternative. Fishbone contains biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), a key component in bioactive material synthesis for dentistry. The results showed that BCP had excellent properties such as calcium ions release to stimulate odontoblastic activity, osteointegrative, osteoinductive, and excellent bioactive. Additionally, the production of this material is cost-effective, safe, and less complicated. Considering these advantages, fish bone with BCP can be an excellent alternative for VPT.

Keywords: Vital Pulp Therapy, Marine Fish Bone, Biphasic Calcium Phosphate

The Tooth Agenesis in Clinical Practice: A review of Case Reports

2025-04-16T14:19:47+07:00

Tooth agenesis (TA) relates to multiple congenital dental disorder and the most prevalent developmental disorders affecting approximately 200 million people globally. The management of TA require interdisciplinary dental approaches. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a case report evaluation of TA based on population and ethnicity. This scoping reviews based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, has been registered in Open Science Framework. Relevant articles were retrieved from Proquest, Science Direct, PubMed, and SpringerLink databases with keywords comprising of ‘Prevalence’ AND ‘Tooth Agenesis’ AND ‘Nonsyndromic or Syndromic’. From 2014 to 2024, there were only five non-syndromic tooth agenesis case reports were included to be reviewed. The review of multiple case reports of tooth agenesis demonstrated significant variability in clinical and radiography evaluation involving inheritance pattern. By early identification in mixed dentition, the comprehensive and individualized treatment approaches are required to address both esthetics and functional outcomes. Further population-based studies of genetic involvement in TA can contribute early detection of malocclusion.