Analysis of mangrove vegetation diversity in Pematang Kuala Village, Teluk Mengkudu Sub-district, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra

Abstract

Mangrove ecosystems are important in ecological, economic, and social aspects,
especially for coastal communities. However, damage to mangrove ecosystems
due to land-use changes for purposes such as settlements and fish ponds can
threaten their sustainability. This study aims to analyze the potential of the
mangrove ecosystem, apply the kao-kao model in silvofishery pond management,
and analyze the potential of mangroves in increasing the income of the community
in Pematang Kuala Village, Teluk Mengkudu Sub-district, Serdang Bedagai
District, North Sumatra Province. The methods used include field surveys for
vegetation analysis and interviews with Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUB)
Nelayan Sepakat members. Vegetation analysis was conducted in three zones:
utilization zone I, II, and the protection zone. Each zone consisted of 5 plots,
totaling 15 plots. Interviews were conducted with 27 respondents. The study
results showed that the mangrove ecosystem in Pematang Kuala Village is
dominated by Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mangle, with an important value
index of 300 in both utilization and protection zones. In the protection zone, the
Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 0.95, indicating a low level of diversity.
Based on the kao-kao system model, it was observed that the productivity of fish
ponds and fishermen's catch increased. Community income has significantly
increased over the last five years, with an average net income of IDR 19,550,000
every six months. The presence of mangroves also provides indirect benefits as a
coastal protector from abrasion, with an estimated economic value of IDR
247,950,000 per year.