https://idjpcr.usu.ac.id/gfj <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Global Forest Journal (GFJ)</strong> is an international peer-reviewed biannual journal (January and July) published by TALENTA Publisher, Universitas Sumatera Utara and managed by Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara. It is dedicated to interchange for the articles of high-quality research in the field of forestry and natural resources including Forest Management, Silviculture, Forest Conservation, Wood Sciences and Technology. The journal publishes state-of-art scientific articles in fundamental theory, experiments and simulation, as well as applications, with a systematic proposed method, sufficient review on previous works, expanded discussion and concise conclusion. As our commitment to the advancement of science and technology, the Global Forest Journal (GFJ) follows the open access policy that allows the published articles freely available online without any subscription.</p> Talenta Publisher en-US Global Forest Journal 3024-9309 https://idjpcr.usu.ac.id/gfj/article/view/19506 <p>particleboard production, offering an eco-friendly alternative to conventional<br />wood-based composites. This mini-review synthesizes recent research on the<br />chemical, physical, mechanical, and durability properties of particleboards made<br />from sorghum residues, including bagasse, stalks, and leaves. Quantitative<br />findings show that sorghum particleboards can achieve densities ranging from<br />0.56 to 1.25 g/cm³, modulus of rupture (MOR) up to 34.1 MPa, modulus of<br />elasticity (MOE) up to 5270 MPa, and internal bond (IB) strength up to 1.92 MPa,<br />meeting the JIS A5908:2003 Type 8 standard in several cases. Moisture content<br />(MC) and thickness swelling (TS) can be optimized to meet dimensional stability<br />requirements through pre-treatment, adhesive formulation, and pressing<br />conditions. Chemically, sorghum biomass has moderate to high cellulose (30–<br />46%) and hemicellulose (21–34%) contents, with lower lignin and ash levels than<br />typical wood, favoring bonding and composite integrity. Synthetic adhesives (UF,<br />PF, pMDI) and natural alternatives (citric acid, maleic acid, sucrose) have been<br />explored, with several formulations showing improved water resistance and<br />biodegradation resistance. Enhanced durability, including termite and fungal<br />resistance, has been observed, particularly in bio-based adhesive boards.<br />However, challenges remain in scaling production and standardizing raw material<br />quality. Future research should prioritize optimizing production methods and<br />improving sorghum-based particleboards' mechanical and durability properties,<br />enabling their use in a wider range of applications.</p> Ikmal Sutiawan Jajang Sutiawan Sukma Surya Kusumah Aprilia Kartikawati Resa Martha Mohamad Miftah Rahman Copyright (c) 2025 Global Forest Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-07-08 2025-07-08 3 02 83 93 10.32734/gfj.v3i02.19506 https://idjpcr.usu.ac.id/gfj/article/view/21027 <p>friendly material. Two local Indonesian bamboo species, namely apus bamboo<br />(Gigantochloa apus) and ater bamboo (Gigantochloa atter), have been widely<br />used in various fields but still face challenges such as fading color and low<br />resistance to moisture. This study aims to investigate the color changes in apus<br />bamboo and ater bamboo after undergoing heat treatment using oil at varying<br />temperatures of 160°C, 180°C, 200°C, and 220°C. Five-year-old bamboo samples<br />were cut into cylindrical shapes with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 5 cm,<br />then tested for color before and after the heat treatment. The treatment was carried<br />out for 2 hours using oil as a medium, then dried in an oven. Color changes were<br />analyzed using a general colorimeter scanner. Data collection on community<br />preferences for bamboo colors was conducted by distributing questionnaires. The<br />red-green chromaticity changes in apus bamboo exhibit a decreasing trend,<br />whereas ater bamboo shows an increasing trend. The yellow-blue chromaticity<br />changes in both bamboo species show an increasing trend. For the lightness level,<br />both bamboos have decreased. The overall color change in apus bamboo and ater<br />bamboo increases with the increasing temperature. The color preference results<br />revealed that women prefer bright colors in both bamboo species. Men are more<br />selective in their color preferences; some choose bright colors, but many also<br />choose dark colors.</p> Anom Tahta Permana Intan Fajar Suri Indra Gumay Febryano Wahyu Hidayat Copyright (c) 2025 Global Forest Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-07-08 2025-07-08 3 02 94 102 10.32734/gfj.v3i02.21027 https://idjpcr.usu.ac.id/gfj/article/view/20618 <p>Corruption and forest disturbances represent substantial barriers to sustainable<br />development in Malaysia's forestry sector. Working within this sector faces a<br />variety of threats. This study explores key corruption risks within the forestry<br />sector, analysing the motives and opportunities that drive forest offences in<br />Peninsular Malaysia. Respondents from relevant agencies were primarily<br />surveyed using questionnaires. Data analysis using SPSS revealed the corruption<br />risks encountered within the forestry sector. Respondents identified fieldwork and<br />reporting as potential areas susceptible to corruption, with their perceptions<br />analyzed through central tendency and dispersion measures. Additionally,<br />correlation analysis was conducted to determine the strength and direction of the<br />relationship between motive and opportunity regarding forest offences, and to<br />assess whether the correlation was statistically significant. The findings<br />demonstrated a robust positive correlation (r = 0.66) between motive and<br />opportunity, indicating a significant relationship. This suggests that motives for<br />forest offences correspond to opportunities for such offences. This study<br />highlights the need for targeted collaboration between the Forestry Department<br />and relevant authorities to develop specialized training programs. These programs<br />are crucial for effectively investigating and prosecuting forest violations,<br />ultimately reducing corruption risks</p> Norsyazwani Izzati Mohd Yahya Mohd Hasmadi Ismail Pakhriazad Hassan Zaki Paiman Bawon Rahmawaty Seca Gandaseca Copyright (c) 2025 Global Forest Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-07-08 2025-07-08 3 02 103 112 10.32734/gfj.v3i02.20618 https://idjpcr.usu.ac.id/gfj/article/view/21225 <p>Macadamia integrifolia, locally known as Macadamia, is a tree species native to<br />Queensland, Australia. The species is also recognized as an appropriate option for<br />land rehabilitation in Indonesia, with one location being the Lake Toba catchment<br />area in North Sumatra. This species is planted on a large scale because of its<br />adaptability and relatively short harvesting time. The high demand for macadamia<br />seeds cannot be supported by the species' ability to regenerate, as natural<br />regeneration is slow due to the thick and hard seed coat. As a result, a short-term,<br />quality propagation technique that the community can easily use, such as shoot<br />cuttings, is required. This study aimed to determine the success of the shoot cutting<br />technique and the adventitious roots development on macadamia cuttings. The<br />cutting material was obtained from a healthy mother tree from the Sipiso-piso<br />garden, North Sumatra. The research was designed by using the factorial complete<br />block design with two factors randomized design with two factors namely cutting<br />media (A) and auxin application (B). The media treatment consisted of sand and<br />topsoil mixture (A1: 1/1 v/v), pure sand (A2), and pure topsoil (A3), while the<br />auxin application consisted of 0 g (B1), 200 ppm (B2), and 600 ppm (B3). All<br />treatments were carried out with 3 replications, each consisting of 5 individual<br />cuttings. The results showed that macadamia shoot cuttings varied survival rate<br />ranging from 33.33 % to 86.66% with the rooting percentage ranging from 6.66%-<br />40%. The highest survival rate was found in the top soil mixture: sand and without<br />auxin treatment (88.66%) while the lowest was found in sand and without auxin<br />(33.33 %). The cutting media and auxin application did not significantly affect all<br />the observed parameters. Based on histological root observations, the adventitious<br />roots of Macadamia form from the wound-induced root with a process that begins<br />with callus formation and ends with the advent of adventitious roots. This research<br />found that the juvenile level of the cutting material used is considered a very<br />important factor in the success of macadamia shoot cuttings.</p> Arida Susilowati Cut Rizlani Kholibrina Mutya Kana Purba Henti Hendalastuti Rachmat Fifi Gus Dwiyanti Ida Mallia Ginting Copyright (c) 2025 Global Forest Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-07-08 2025-07-08 3 02 113 119 10.32734/gfj.v3i02.21225 https://idjpcr.usu.ac.id/gfj/article/view/21278 <p>Wan Abdul Rachman Grand Forest Park (Tahura WAR) is a conservation forest<br />area that serves as a source of water resources that the community utilizes daily.<br />This research analyzes the characteristics influencing people's willingness to pay<br />for water environmental services in the Tahura WAR. This research was<br />conducted from October to November 2024. The research location is based on<br />both villages, where water users are from the Tahura WAR area. Based on this<br />research, the results obtained show that the characteristics of respondents' age,<br />occupation, income, water source, and the amount of water demand/day positively<br />influence the willingness to pay of the community. The variable that has a<br />significant influence is income. In contrast, the variables of age, occupation, water<br />source, and the number of water needs/day do not significantly influence the value<br />of the willingness of the community of water environmental service users in Wan<br />Abdul Rachman Forest Park. This research is expected to make a scientific<br />contribution to developing studies on environmental economics, especially in the<br />context of willingness to pay for water environmental services. The results of this<br />study are expected to be a reference for future researchers who are examining<br />social, economic, and environmental factors</p> Nabila Daud Christine Wulandari Pitojo Budiono Eny Puspasari Copyright (c) 2025 Global Forest Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-07-08 2025-07-08 3 02 120 129 10.32734/gfj.v3i02.21278 https://idjpcr.usu.ac.id/gfj/article/view/15572 <p>Sibolangit Natural Tourism Park (SNTP) is a forest with an essential ecological<br />function and is considered a conservation area. SNTP is currently trying to<br />increase the benefits of the forest through non-timber forest products, namely,<br />honey bee cultivation. This study aimed to identify the type of plant source of bee<br />feed plants in SNTP. The methods utilized are literature studies and observational<br />studies using two radius points, namely radius one and radius two, at a 500-meter<br />separation. Based on the results of a literature study, it was found that 56 species<br />of bee food sources in SNTP, including 36 plant species, of which the flowering<br />period has been identified, namely 19 species of flowering plants throughout the<br />year and 17 flowering seasonally. Based on the point one observation radius<br />results, 25 species of bee feed plants were obtained, with the dominant plant being<br />Coffea arabica. A radius of two through 10 types of bee feed plants was obtained<br />at the observation point. The dominating plants are Arenga pinnata, Arenga<br />obtusifolia, and Coffea arabica. Observation of radius one shows a more diverse<br />variety of plants than radius two. The diversity of bee food plants in SNTP<br />supports the honey bee cultivation</p> Dwi Endah Widyasuti Sri Meliana Saragih Copyright (c) 2025 Global Forest Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-07-08 2025-07-08 3 02 130 141 10.32734/gfj.v3i02.15572 https://idjpcr.usu.ac.id/gfj/article/view/15570 <p>Cadika Park is a public green space in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The<br />COVID-19 virus originated in Wuhan, China, in 2019 and spread throughout<br />Indonesia in early 2020. During the pandemic, Cadika Park became a venue where<br />people could engage in their daily activities while enjoying various natural<br />benefits that aid in restoring both physical and psychological health. This study<br />aims to analyze the characteristics and perceptions of visitors regarding the<br />management, services, and facilities of Cadika Park during the COVID-19<br />pandemic. The number of respondents was determined using the Slovin formula,<br />and a purposive sampling technique was employed to select participants. Data<br />analysis used a descriptive quantitative frequency table to assess visitors'<br />perceptions based on closed questions using the Likert Scale. The results indicated<br />that adult women were the predominant characteristic of visitors to Cadika Park<br />during the pandemic. Most visitors had jobs or were students from outside the<br />Medan Johor sub-district. They typically had an education level between 9 and 18<br />years and used motorcycles as their primary mode of transportation. Overall,<br />visitors positively perceived the aspects studied, with many returning to the park<br />frequently during the COVID-19 pandemic</p> Moehar Maraghiy Harahap Alfan Gunawan Ahmad Farah Amnestesia Mariah Ulfa Copyright (c) 2025 Global Forest Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-07-08 2025-07-08 3 02 142 149 10.32734/gfj.v3i02.15570 https://idjpcr.usu.ac.id/gfj/article/view/21176 <p>Mangrove ecosystems are important in ecological, economic, and social aspects,<br />especially for coastal communities. However, damage to mangrove ecosystems<br />due to land-use changes for purposes such as settlements and fish ponds can<br />threaten their sustainability. This study aims to analyze the potential of the<br />mangrove ecosystem, apply the kao-kao model in silvofishery pond management,<br />and analyze the potential of mangroves in increasing the income of the community<br />in Pematang Kuala Village, Teluk Mengkudu Sub-district, Serdang Bedagai<br />District, North Sumatra Province. The methods used include field surveys for<br />vegetation analysis and interviews with Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUB)<br />Nelayan Sepakat members. Vegetation analysis was conducted in three zones:<br />utilization zone I, II, and the protection zone. Each zone consisted of 5 plots,<br />totaling 15 plots. Interviews were conducted with 27 respondents. The study<br />results showed that the mangrove ecosystem in Pematang Kuala Village is<br />dominated by Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mangle, with an important value<br />index of 300 in both utilization and protection zones. In the protection zone, the<br />Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 0.95, indicating a low level of diversity.<br />Based on the kao-kao system model, it was observed that the productivity of fish<br />ponds and fishermen's catch increased. Community income has significantly<br />increased over the last five years, with an average net income of IDR 19,550,000<br />every six months. The presence of mangroves also provides indirect benefits as a<br />coastal protector from abrasion, with an estimated economic value of IDR<br />247,950,000 per year.</p> Miduk Sitanggang Salomo Bobby Fernando Sihombing Poppy Lumban Gaol Rahmawaty Seca Gandaseca Mohd Hasmadi Ismail Copyright (c) 2025 Global Forest Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-07-08 2025-07-08 3 02 150 161 10.32734/gfj.v3i02.21176 https://idjpcr.usu.ac.id/gfj/article/view/21778 <p style="margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">Pante Bayam is one of natural mangrove area in Aceh Province. Due to<br />anthropogenic activities such as fishpond, the area become degradated. This study<br />aims to analyze soil organic carbon (SOC) stock based on soil depth and texture<br />characteristics at several observation points in the study area. Data were collected<br />from seven sample locations with four categories of soil depth: 0–15 cm, 15–30<br />cm, 30–50 cm, and 50–100 cm. The results showed that the highest carbon stock<br />was found at a depth of 50–100 cm, reaching 159.1 Mg C/ha, while the 15–30 cm<br />layer had the lowest carbon stock. This indicates that the subsoil plays a significant<br />role in long-term carbon storage. The distribution of carbon stocks also varied<br />between locations, where PB04 and PB07 showed the highest values, while PB05<br />and PB06 showed the lowest. Correlation analysis showed a positive relationship<br />between clay content and soil carbon stock, indicating that fine soil texture<br />supports carbon accumulation through the formation of stable aggregates. These<br />findings emphasize the importance of soil management that considers soil depth<br />and physical characteristics to increase the potential for climate change mitigation<br />through sustainable soil carbon storage</p> Meilinda Suriani Harefa Eling Tuhono Zulkifli Nasution Arida Susilowati Rifqi Ulfah Nikmah Fitra Yuda Pratama Copyright (c) 2025 Global Forest Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-07-20 2025-07-20 3 02 162 167 10.32734/gfj.v3i02.21778