SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal
type: channel
description: SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal is a medical student scientific journal from SCORE PEMA FK USU (Standing Committee on Research Exchange of Student Government Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra). SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal is one of the SCORE PEMA FK USU icons that works together with many reviewers to support the quality and validity of a manuscript. Initially, in 2009, SCORE PEMA FK USU formed a medical student journal with the name of JIMKI (Indonesian Medical Student Scientific Journal). Then for some reason, the management of JIMKI has been moved to BAPIN-ISMKI authority (National Scientific Analysis and Development Agency-Indonesian Medical Student Senate Association). Subsequently, in 2011 a new journal was formed with the name of SCRIPTA by SCORE PEMA FK USU. Since 2016 until now, the SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal was published in 1 volume with 2 numbers every year in February and August that can be accessed here. SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal consists of 6-12 manuscripts with types of manuscripts such as research articles, review articles, and case reports in each volume. Publications from the SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal can be accessed offline (pISSN 2088-8686) on printed SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal magazine or online (eISSN 2686-0864) through the SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal (https://talenta.usu.ac.id/scripta) Journal title SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal Abbreviation SCRIPTA SCORE Sci Med J Initial SCRIPTA Frequency 2 (two) issues per year ISSN (Print) 2088-8686 ISSN (Online) 2686-0864 Digital Object Identifier (DOI) 10.32734 (Member of Crossref) Editor-in-Chief Juliandi Harahap Managing Editor Rina Amelia and Nenni Dwi Aprianti Lubis Publisher TALENTA Publisher, Universitas Sumatera Utara Citation Analysis Google Scholar Visitor Analysis Visitor Statistics (Sponsored by StatCounter)
publisher: Talenta Publisher
language: en-US
publication name: SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal
issn: 2088-8686
copyright: Authors who publish with SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License that allows others to remix, adapt, build upon the work non-commercially with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal. Authors are permitted to copy and redistribute the journal's published version of the work non-commercially (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal.
items: Front & Back Matter_V8I1
items: Can Algorithms Improve Birth? A Meta-Analysis of AI-Enhanced Digital Antenatal Care on Fetal Wellness
items: Dynamic Digestive Health Surveillance System (DDHSS): A Conceptual Framework for Longitudinal Colorectal Cancer Surveillance
items: Evolving Paradigms in Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery for Lung Cancer: Techniques, Outcomes, and Emerging Technologies
items: Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Hyperglycemia as a Key Mechanism in Metabolic Disorders
items: Multi-Omics Integration and Artificial Intelligence for Dynamic Risk Stratification of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in MASLD: Toward Precision Surveillance and Personalized Immunotherapy
items: Potensi CRISPR-Cas9 Terkonjugasi Sistem Pengantar Vesikel Ekstraseluler sebagai Strategi Terapeutik Penyakit HIV dengan Metode Genome Editing untuk Pengobatan Masa Depan Penyakit HIV
items: Quadriceps Tendon versus Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone Autograft for Primary ACL Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Complications and Patient-Reported Outcomes
items: Therapeutic Potential of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract and Nigella sativa as Herbal Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review
items: Vaksin Berbasis Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) untuk Pencegahan Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Perkembangan Teknologi dan Bukti Klinis Terkini
items: Assessing Visual Health Awareness: Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior Towards Refractive Errors at SMP Harapan 2 Medan
items: Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan, Pemilihan dan Penggunaan Kosmetik Pemutih pada Mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara
items: Pulmonary Tuberculosis Case Before and During Pandemic COVID-19: Prevalence and Frequency Distribution Differences at Arifin Achmad General Hospital, Riau Province
items: Relationship Between Levels of Physical Activity and The Incidence of Constipation in Medical Students of The Faculty of Medicine Universitas Andalas
items: The Effect of Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Extract on IL-6 Cytokine Levels in Pneumonia-Induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae on Rattus norvegicus

Front & Back Matter_V8I1
type: item
creator: scripta
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 scripta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-09-01
publication date: 2026-09-01
volume: 8
number: 1

Can Algorithms Improve Birth? A Meta-Analysis of AI-Enhanced Digital Antenatal Care on Fetal Wellness
type: item
description: Background: Traditional digital antenatal care (ANC) fails to sufficiently lower global maternal and neonatal mortality. Artificial Intelligence (AI) shifts this paradigm by enabling proactive prevention through predictive analytics and real-time, personalized risk assessments. Objectives: To systematically review and meta-analyze the impact of AI-enhanced digital monitoring and predictive alert systems on antenatal fetal wellness. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted. Studies evaluating AI-enhanced digital monitoring or predictive algorithms in antenatal and intrapartum care were included to assess fetal growth restriction (FGR)-mortality, spontaneous delivery, and congenital defects. Discussion: Ten studies were analyzed. AI-enhanced ANC demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for FGR (AUC: 0.831–0.918) and outperformed standard cervical length assessment in predicting spontaneous preterm delivery (AUC 0.75 vs. 0.67; $p < 0.001$). AI-driven echocardiography boosted congenital heart defect detection sensitivity to 85% (vs. 34% clinically). Furthermore, graphical models revealed a 10-fold increased risk of perinatal morbidity when FGR combined with maternal diabetes (RR 9.8). AI also successfully identified delayed fetal brain maturation and predicted emergency Cesarean rates using heart rate variability. Overall, the models showed strong discriminative performance, yielding a pooled AUC of 0.858 (95% CI: 0.766–0.951). Conclusion: AI-enhanced digital ANC significantly improves the early detection of critical fetal complications, substantially strengthening antenatal surveillance and intrauterine intervention management. Keyword: Artificial intelligence, digital antenatal care, fetal growth restriction, fetal wellness, predictive analytics Latar Belakang: Perawatan antenatal (Antenatal Care/ANC) digital tradisional belum cukup mampu menurunkan angka kematian maternal dan neonatal global. Kecerdasa…
creator: M. Ari Irawan
creator: Fauzan Azmi Hasti Habibi Samosir
creator: Muhammad Ikhwan
creator: Fildza Sabhrina,D
creator: Kaniya Atsilah Samosir
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 M. Ari Irawan, Fauzan Azmi Hasti Habibi Samosir, Muhammad Ikhwan, Fildza Sabhrina,D, Kaniya Atsilah Samosir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-08-28
publication date: 2026-08-28
volume: 8
number: 1
starting page: 42
ending page: 47
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v8i1.25652

Dynamic Digestive Health Surveillance System (DDHSS): A Conceptual Framework for Longitudinal Colorectal Cancer Surveillance
type: item
description: Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) and colonoscopy effectively detect precancerous lesions and early-stage CRC, current screening strategies remain predominantly age-based and episodic. Such approaches inadequately capture longitudinal changes in individual risk profiles. Recent advances in electronic health records (EHRs), longitudinal healthcare databases, and artificial intelligence (AI) provide opportunities for more adaptive CRC surveillance. Objectives: This review evaluated the limitations of conventional CRC screening and the potential role of longitudinal healthcare data integration and AI-assisted risk stratification in adaptive CRC surveillance. Methods: A structured narrative review was conducted. Literature searches were performed in PubMed and Scopus for studies published between 2016 and 2026 using keywords related to CRC screening, longitudinal surveillance, healthcare informatics, and artificial intelligence. Relevant literature on CRC screening performance, predictive modeling, and AI-assisted surveillance systems was synthesized to develop a conceptual framework. Discussion: CRC susceptibility evolves under biological, metabolic, genetic, and environmental influences. Integration of cumulative healthcare information with predictive analytical models may improve the continuity and precision of CRC surveillance compared with conventional age-based screening. However, translational barriers, including data interoperability, algorithmic bias, and limited longitudinal validation, remain important challenges. Based on the synthesized evidence, the Dynamic Digestive Health Surveillance System (DDHSS) is proposed as a conceptual framework for population-level CRC surveillance. Conclusion: Integration of longitudinal healthcare data and AI-driven analytics may support more personalized and adaptive CRC surveillance beyond conventional age…
creator: Aisyah Aulia Az-Zahra Ikhsan
creator: Akmal Hisyam
creator: Raihansyah Harris Nasution
creator: Muhammad Zain Ardiansyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Aisyah Aulia Az-Zahra Ikhsan, Akmal Hisyam, Raihansyah Harris Nasution, Muhammad Zain Ardiansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-08-28
publication date: 2026-08-28
volume: 8
number: 1
starting page: 48
ending page: 73
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v8i1.25984

Evolving Paradigms in Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery for Lung Cancer: Techniques, Outcomes, and Emerging Technologies
type: item
description: Background: Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) has transformed lung cancer management by enabling minimally invasive approaches with improved perioperative outcomes. However, rapid advancements in surgical techniques and integration with emerging technologies necessitate a comprehensive synthesis of current evidence. Objectives: This review aims to evaluate the evolving paradigms of VATS in lung cancer, including comparisons between uniportal and multiportal techniques, assessment against robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS), and analysis of clinical outcomes and technological innovations. Methods: A narrative review was conducted using a structured literature search across major databases, including retrospective studies, prospective trials, meta-analyses, and consensus reports published over the past two decades. Relevant studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria and analyzed qualitatively. Results and Discussions: Evidence indicates that uniportal VATS is increasingly adopted, offering reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and comparable oncological outcomes to multiportal VATS and open surgery. RATS demonstrates enhanced surgical precision and improved lymph node dissection with favorable recovery profiles, although associated with higher costs and technical demands. Overall, minimally invasive approaches reduce perioperative complications and improve recovery, but limitations persist regarding technical complexity, cost-effectiveness, and long-term outcomes. Conclusion: VATS continues to evolve as a safe and effective modality in lung cancer surgery. Integration with advanced technologies enhances surgical performance; however, further standardized protocols and high-quality studies are required to optimize clinical implementation. Keyword: lung cancer, minimally invasive surgery, robotic-assisted thoracic surgery, surgical outcomes, VATS Latar Belakang: Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) telah merevolusi p…
creator: Vika Kyneissia Gliselda
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Vika Kyneissia Gliselda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-08-28
publication date: 2026-08-28
volume: 8
number: 1
starting page: 74
ending page: 83
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v8i1.25471

Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Hyperglycemia as a Key Mechanism in Metabolic Disorders
type: item
description: Background: Hyperglycemia is a major feature of metabolic disorders and is closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction through oxidative stress, impaired bioenergetics, and altered mitochondrial regulation. Plant-derived bioactive compounds have also attracted interest for their potential to modulate these mitochondrial and redox pathways. Objectives: This review aimed to synthesize published evidence on hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction as a central mechanism in metabolic disorders and to summarize the potential role of plant-derived compounds in modulating mitochondrial pathways. Methods: This study was conducted as a narrative literature review. Articles were searched through PubMed, SAGE Journals, and ScienceDirect databases for publications from 2015 to 2025. The search terms included combinations of hyperglycemia, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, PGC-1α, Nrf2, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, metabolic disorders, and plant-derived extracts. Eligible articles included original studies and review papers discussing mitochondrial alterations under hyperglycemic conditions in in vitro, animal, or human studies. The data were synthesized qualitatively and organized into thematic categories without meta-analysis. Discussion: Hyperglycemia increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, impairs electron transport chain efficiency, and reduces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation. It may also disturb mitochondrial quality control by promoting excessive fission and suppressing PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. Oxidative stress–responsive pathways, including Nrf2, contribute to mitochondrial redox homeostasis under metabolic stress. Polyphenols, flavonoids, and curcumin may modulate these pathways by activating Nrf2-dependent antioxidant responses and supporting mitochondrial biogenesis-related signaling. Conclusion: Hyperglycemia contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction through oxidative stress, impaired en…
creator: Josephine Gloriana
creator: Sry Suryani Widjaja
creator: Firzan Nainu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Josephine Gloriana, Sry Suryani Widjaja, Firzan Nainu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-08-28
publication date: 2026-08-28
volume: 8
number: 1
starting page: 84
ending page: 92
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v8i1.25883

Multi-Omics Integration and Artificial Intelligence for Dynamic Risk Stratification of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in MASLD: Toward Precision Surveillance and Personalized Immunotherapy
type: item
description: Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has emerged as an important driver of hepatocarcinogenesis, characterized by heterogeneous disease progression and the development of HCC even in non-cirrhotic patients, thereby challenging conventional surveillance strategies. Objectives: This review aimed to evaluate the role of multi-omics integration and artificial intelligence (AI) in the early detection and dynamic risk stratification of MASLD-related HCC, synthesize evidence regarding the association between multi-layer biomarkers, biological heterogeneity, and immunotherapy response prediction, and formulate a conceptual framework for dynamic risk stratification based on longitudinal molecular trajectories as a foundation for precision surveillance and personalized therapeutic strategies. Methods: A structured narrative literature review using a conceptual synthesis approach was conducted. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2021 and 2026. Studies investigating genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, or epigenomics integrated with AI-based approaches for HCC detection, risk stratification, or therapeutic response prediction were qualitatively synthesized. Discussion: Current evidence suggests that multi-omics integration provides a more comprehensive understanding of molecular heterogeneity and hepatocarcinogenic trajectories than single-biomarker approaches. AI facilitates the integration of multidimensional data through complex modeling, enabling dynamic risk stratification, improving early detection, and predicting immunotherapy response. Conclusion: Multi-omics and AI have the potential to transform risk-based surveillance and personalized management of MASLD-related HCC. However, prospective multi…
creator: Muhammad Zain Ardiansyah
creator: Muhammad Yahri Zacky
creator: Aisyah Aulia Az-Zahra Ikhsan
creator: Akmal Hisyam
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Zain Ardiansyah, Muhammad Yahri Zacky, Aisyah Aulia Az-Zahra Ikhsan, Akmal Hisyam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-08-28
publication date: 2026-08-28
volume: 8
number: 1
starting page: 93
ending page: 106
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v8i1.26160

Potensi CRISPR-Cas9 Terkonjugasi Sistem Pengantar Vesikel Ekstraseluler sebagai Strategi Terapeutik Penyakit HIV dengan Metode Genome Editing untuk Pengobatan Masa Depan Penyakit HIV
type: item
description: Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a major global health challenge with high morbidity and mortality rates. Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively suppresses viral replication, it is unable to eradicate latent HIV reservoirs, preventing complete viral clearance. Advances in genome editing technologies, particularly Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9), have created new opportunities for HIV treatment through the targeted elimination of integrated viral genetic material. Objective: This study aimed to review the potential of CRISPR-Cas9 conjugated with extracellular vesicle delivery systems as a therapeutic strategy for HIV based on current scientific evidence. Methods: A literature review was conducted using scientific articles retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, NCBI, and other relevant scientific databases. Relevant studies were critically reviewed and synthesized to evaluate its therapeutic potential for HIV treatment. Discussion: The findings indicate that CRISPR-Cas9 can target multiple stages of the HIV life cycle, including disruption of viral entry coreceptors, inhibition of viral replication, and elimination of latent proviral DNA integrated within host genomes. Furthermore, extracellular vesicles offer several advantages as delivery vehicles, including high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and efficient intracellular delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 components. Several studies have demonstrated that the combination of CRISPR-Cas9 and extracellular vesicle-based delivery systems can reduce HIV proviral expression and prevent the reactivation of latent viral reservoirs. Conclusion: CRISPR-Cas9 conjugated with extracellular vesicle delivery systems represents a promising therapeutic approach for HIV treatment. However, further studies are required to evaluate its safety, efficacy, and clinical applicability in humans. Keywords: CRISPR-Cas9, extracellular vesicles, gene…
creator: Muhammad Rizky Hidayatullah
creator: Salwa Adilah Ningtiyas
creator: Adinda Nezma Meidina
creator: Awwa Chaga Qambara Taqwa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Rizky Hidayatullah, Salwa Adilah Ningtiyas, Adinda Nezma Meidina, Awwa Chaga Qambara Taqwa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-08-28
publication date: 2026-08-28
volume: 8
number: 1
starting page: 107
ending page: 113
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v8i1.26035

Quadriceps Tendon versus Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone Autograft for Primary ACL Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Complications and Patient-Reported Outcomes
type: item
description: Background: Bone–patellar tendon–bone has long been regarded as a benchmark graft for primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, although donor-site morbidity remains a relevant limitation. Quadriceps tendon has emerged as an increasingly adopted alternative, but its comparative role remains to be clearly defined. Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare quadriceps tendon and bone–patellar tendon–bone autografts in primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, particularly regarding patient-reported outcomes, graft failure, and postoperative complications. Methods: This study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched for comparative studies evaluating quadriceps tendon versus bone–patellar tendon–bone autografts in primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Discussion: Six comparative studies met the eligibility criteria. Pooled analyses showed no significant differences between grafts in International Knee Documentation Committee subjective score, Tegner activity score, Lysholm score, or graft failure. In contrast, quadriceps tendon was associated with a lower rate of arthrofibrosis. A lower risk of contralateral anterior cruciate ligament tear was also observed, although this finding should be interpreted cautiously because of sparse event counts. Conclusion: Quadriceps tendon offers clinical effectiveness comparable to bone–patellar tendon–bone, with a potentially more favorable complication profile, supporting its use as a dependable alternative graft for primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Keyword: anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, autograft, bone–patellar tendon–bone, quadriceps tendon, systematic review Latar belakang: Bone–patellar tendon–bone merupakan graft acuan pada rekonstruksi ligamentum krusiatum anterior primer, tetapi morbiditas donor-site…
creator: Oktavio Jalu Kuncoro Jati
creator: Ryan Rainier Rasman
creator: Seva Ajisma
creator: Jordaniel Setiabudi
creator: Rafell Tantyo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Oktavio Jalu Kuncoro Jati, Ryan Rainier Rasman, Seva Ajisma, Jordaniel Setiabudi, Rafell Tantyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-08-28
publication date: 2026-08-28
volume: 8
number: 1
starting page: 114
ending page: 125
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v8i1.25727

Therapeutic Potential of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract and Nigella sativa as Herbal Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review
type: item
description: Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose concentrations resulting from impaired insulin production, reduced insulin responsiveness, or a combination of both conditions. Increasing evidence indicates that oxidative imbalance and persistent inflammatory responses contribute substantially to the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Consequently, medicinal plants with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities have gained attention as potential supportive interventions. Objective: This review aimed to evaluate published evidence regarding the antidiabetic properties of Moringa oleifera and Nigella sativa, particularly their influence on glucose metabolism, oxidative damage, and inflammatory pathways. Methods: A narrative review was performed using articles retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, and accredited scientific journals. Publications from 2015–2024 were screened according to predefined eligibility criteria. Of 87 records initially identified, 17 studies were selected for analysis. Results: Available studies indicate that Moringa oleifera may assist glucose regulation through enzyme inhibition, improvement of insulin responsiveness, and enhancement of endogenous antioxidant defenses. Meanwhile, Nigella sativa and its principal bioactive constituent, thymoquinone, demonstrate glucose-lowering, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities through modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators. Both plants have also shown protective effects against tissue damage associated with diabetes. Conclusion: Current findings support the potential role of Moringa oleifera and Nigella sativa as adjunctive approaches in diabetes management. Nevertheless, additional well-designed clinical investigations are required to establish their therapeutic effectiveness and long-term safety. Keyword: diabetes mellitus, inflammation, Moringa oleifera, Nigella sativa, o…
creator: Tiffany Anggun Prasetyo
creator: Mutiara Indah Sari
creator: Tri Widyawati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tiffany Anggun Prasetyo, Mutiara Indah Sari, Tri Widyawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-08-28
publication date: 2026-08-28
volume: 8
number: 1
starting page: 126
ending page: 132
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v8i1.25867

Vaksin Berbasis Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) untuk Pencegahan Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Perkembangan Teknologi dan Bukti Klinis Terkini
type: item
description: Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a major global public health challenge. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2025, approximately 41 million people were living with HIV, with an estimated 570,000 deaths attributable to HIV-related causes and 1.2 million new HIV infections. These figures underscore the importance of effective HIV prevention strategies. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-based vaccines represent a promising platform for HIV prevention because they enable flexible delivery and expression of HIV immunogens. Objective: To evaluate the development and potential of mRNA-based vaccines for HIV prevention. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using the Cochrane Library, Europe PMC, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Semantic Scholar, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar for publications from 2021 to 2026. A total of 17 peer-reviewed articles were included and narratively synthesized. Results: Preclinical studies and phase I trials demonstrated that mRNA-LNP vaccines can induce HIV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. In macaques, one candidate reduced the risk of heterologous SHIV infection by 79% per exposure. In humans, IAVI G002 and G003 demonstrated activation and early maturation of VRC01-class bnAb precursors, while HVTN 302 induced autologous tier 2 neutralizing antibodies in 80% of recipients receiving membrane-anchored Env trimers compared with 4% receiving soluble trimers. However, current evidence has not demonstrated that mRNA vaccines can prevent HIV acquisition in humans, induce broad and durable bnAb responses, or provide protection against viral diversity. Conclusion: mRNA-based HIV vaccines demonstrate biological feasibility and promising early clinical immunogenicity, but their protective efficacy has not yet been established. Further clinical studies are warranted to optimize delivery systems, dosing, durability of immune responses, and long-term safety. Keyword: antibod…
creator: Muhammad Rizky Hidayatullah
creator: Adinda Nezma Meidina
creator: Salwa Adilah Ningtiyas
creator: Awwa Chaga Qambara Taqwa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Rizky Hidayatullah, Adinda Nezma Meidina, Salwa Adilah Ningtiyas, Awwa Chaga Qambara Taqwa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-08-28
publication date: 2026-08-28
volume: 8
number: 1
starting page: 133
ending page: 141
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v8i1.26037

Assessing Visual Health Awareness: Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior Towards Refractive Errors at SMP Harapan 2 Medan
type: item
description: Background: Uncorrected refractive errors are a leading cause of visual impairment globally, significantly impacting students' learning capacity and academic performance. Junior high school students are particularly vulnerable to this condition due to increasing digital device usage and prolonged screen time. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the level of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding eye health and the prevalence of refractive errors among students at SMP Harapan 2 Medan. Methods: This analytical observational study utilized a cross-sectional design. A total sampling technique was employed, involving all students at SMP Harapan 2 Medan. Data were collected through validated questionnaires and visual acuity examinations. Statistical analysis was performed using Somers’ D bivariate test to evaluate the correlations between variables. The study received institutional ethical approval. Results: Among the 50 respondents, the majority demonstrated good levels of knowledge (66.0%) and positive attitudes (70.0%) toward refractive errors. However, only 38.0% exhibited good health behaviors, while 54.0% displayed moderate behavioral patterns. Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between refractive errors and students' knowledge levels (p = 0.020), attitudes (p = 0.032), and behaviors (p = 0.001). Conclusion: There are statistically significant associations between the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors and the prevalence of refractive errors among students at SMP Harapan 2 Medan. These findings underscore the importance of targeted educational interventions to improve health-seeking behaviors and mitigate the progression of refractive errors in adolescent populations. Keyword: Attitude, behavior, knowledge, junior high school students, and Refractive error Latar Belakang : Kelainan refraksi yang tidak terkoreksi merupakan penyebab utama gangguan penglihatan di tingkat global dan dapat berdampak se…
creator: Rafi Anggia Hogantara Tambunan
creator: Fauzan Azmi Hasti Habibi Samosir
creator: Ramadhan Bestari
creator: Ichwan Alamsyah Lubis
creator: Dody Firmanda
creator: Ahmad Rauf Tondi Tambunan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rafi Anggia Hogantara Tambunan, Fauzan Azmi Hasti Habibi Samosir, Ramadhan Bestari, Ichwan Alamsyah Lubis , Dody Firmanda, Ahmad Rauf Tondi Tambunan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-08-28
publication date: 2026-08-28
volume: 8
number: 1
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v8i1.25833

Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan, Pemilihan dan Penggunaan Kosmetik Pemutih pada Mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara
type: item
description: Background: Beauty standards in Indonesia are often described with an ideal body shape, clear and fair skin. This response was driven by the development of media such as advertising media and social media. This has led to the increasing use of whitening cosmetics among young adult women with the aim of beautifying themselves and increasing self-confidence. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes toward selecting, and practices related to the use of whitening cosmetics among female medical students at Universitas Sumatera Utara. Methods: A descriptive study with cross-sectional design and the sampling technique used was stratified random sampling. The data was collected using an online questionnaire in the form of Google Form which contained 26 questions. The collected data were then processed using a computer program and tabulated. Results: The results showed that FK USU students had high (31.3%), moderate (55.6%), and low (13.2%) levels of knowledge. The respondents' attitudes toward selecting whitening cosmetics were categorized as capable (77.1%), quite capable (22.2%), and not capable (0.7%). The level of practice was good (55.6%), moderate (42%) and less (2.5%). Discussion: Knowledge about whitening cosmetics can help students in choosing and using whitening cosmetics. Conclusion: The description of female students’ level of knowledge is in the medium category, level of attitudes in choosing is in the capable category and action in using is in the good category. Keyword: Female students, knowledge, selection, use, whitening cosmetics Latar Belakang: Standar kecantikan di Indonesia dideskripsikan sebagai bentuk badan ideal, kulit bersih dan putih. Tanggapan ini didorong oleh perkembangan media seperti media iklan dan media sosial. Hal ini menyebabkan semakin meningkatnya penggunaan kosmetik pemutih di kalangan wanita dewasa muda dengan tujuan untuk mempercantik diri dan meningkatkan kepercayaan diri. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah…
creator: Choirunnisa Fauzi
creator: Dina Arwina Dalimunthe
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Choirunnisa Fauzi, Dina Arwina Dalimunthe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-08-28
publication date: 2026-08-28
volume: 8
number: 1
starting page: 9
ending page: 18
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v8i1.21389

Pulmonary Tuberculosis Case Before and During Pandemic COVID-19: Prevalence and Frequency Distribution Differences at Arifin Achmad General Hospital, Riau Province
type: item
description: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic severely disrupted tuberculosis (TB) control efforts, leading to a global "diagnostic deficit." Objectives: This study aimed to compare the incidence and frequency distribution of new pulmonary TB cases before and during the pandemic at Arifin Achmad General Hospital, Riau Province. Methods: Adhering to STROBE guidelines, this observational cross-sectional study analyzed 343 medical records from March 2018 to March 2022. Comparison was made between the pre-pandemic (2018–2020) and pandemic (2020–2022) periods using Chi-square analysis and Odds Ratios. Results: New pulmonary TB case notifications significantly declined by 33.5%, falling from 206 cases (60.1%) pre-pandemic to 137 cases (39.9%) during the pandemic. Of the total cases, 291 (84.8%) were drug-sensitive (DS-TB) and 52 (15.2%) were drug-resistant (DR-TB). Bivariate analysis revealed highly significant associations (p < 0.001) between the pandemic period and both smoking history and a history of COVID-19 infection. Significant associations were also found with comorbidities, including Diabetes Mellitus and HIV (p = 0.01). Conclusion: The observed decline reflects a diagnostic deficit driven by healthcare disruptions and reduced health-seeking behavior rather than a true reduction in incidence. The biological synergy between SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis likely catalyzed active disease in vulnerable groups. Healthcare systems must prepare for a "time lag" phenomenon, where undiagnosed community transmission leads to a future surge in advanced TB presentations. Intensified active case-finding is essential to mitigate the pandemic's long-term epidemiological impact. Keyword: COVID-19 Pandemic, Incidence, Time Lag, Tuberculosis Latar Belakang: Pandemi COVID-19 telah sangat mengganggu upaya pengendalian tuberkulosis (TB), yang mengakibatkan terjadinya “defisit diagnosis” secara global. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan insidensi dan distribusi freku…
creator: Arya Maganda Simanjuntak
creator: Indra Yovi
creator: Suyanto
creator: Zarfiardy Aksa Fauzy
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Arya Maganda Simanjuntak, Indra Yovi, Suyanto, Zarfiardy Aksa Fauzy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-08-28
publication date: 2026-08-28
volume: 8
number: 1
starting page: 19
ending page: 25
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v8i1.25280

Relationship Between Levels of Physical Activity and The Incidence of Constipation in Medical Students of The Faculty of Medicine Universitas Andalas
type: item
description: Background: Physical activity refers to all body movements produced by skeletal muscle contractions that substantially increase energy expenditure. Constipation is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by infrequent bowel movements, hard stools, painful defecation, excessive straining, and a sensation of incomplete evacuation. Reduced physical activity is considered one of the contributing factors to constipation. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between physical activity level and the occurrence of constipation among medical students of Universitas Andalas, class of 2020. Methods: This quantitative study used a cross-sectional design involving 68 respondents conducted in September until October 2023 at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas. Respondents were selected using simple random sampling. Physical activity levels were assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), while constipation was evaluated using the Constipation Scoring System questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the Pearson chi-square test to determine the relationship between physical activity level and constipation occurrence. Results: The results showed that nearly half of the respondents (45.6%) had a moderate level of physical activity. Constipation was more frequently observed among female respondents and was most common at the age of 21 years. Statistical analysis demonstrated no significant relationship between physical activity level and the occurrence of constipation among medical students of Universitas Andalas, class of 2020 (p=0.052). Conclusions: There was no significant association between physical activity level and constipation occurrence among medical students of Universitas Andalas, class of 2020. Keywords: constipation scoring system; global physical activity questionnaire; physical activity Latar Belakang: Aktivitas fisik merupakan seluruh gerakan tubuh yang dihasilkan oleh kontraksi otot rangka dan berperan dala…
creator: Ghifari Aulia Dzakwan
creator: Husnil Kadri
creator: Havriza Vitresia
creator: Rauza Sukma Rita
creator: MIftah Irrahmah
creator: Selfi Renita Rusjdi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ghifari Aulia Dzakwan, Husnil Kadri, Havriza Vitresia, Rauza Sukma Rita, MIftah Irrahmah, Selfi Renita Rusjdi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-08-28
publication date: 2026-08-28
volume: 8
number: 1
starting page: 26
ending page: 34
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v8i1.25814

The Effect of Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Extract on IL-6 Cytokine Levels in Pneumonia-Induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae on Rattus norvegicus
type: item
description: Background: Pneumonia remains a leading cause of death from infectious diseases, often associated with elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Zingiber officinale var. rubrum (red ginger) contains bioactive compounds with potential anti-inflammatory effects. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of red ginger extract on IL-6 expression in the lung tissue of Wistar rats induced with Streptococcus pneumoniae, either as monotherapy or in combination with azithromycin. Methods: An experimental study was conducted using 30 male Wistar rats divided into five groups (n = 6 each): K1 (negative control), K2 (positive control), K3 (red ginger extract 400 mg/kgBW), K4 (azithromycin 11 mg/kgBW), and K5 (combination of red ginger extract and azithromycin). Pneumonia was induced intratracheally using a suspension of S. pneumoniae. Treatments were administered once daily for seven days. IL-6 expression in lung tissue was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and evaluated semi-quantitatively based on staining intensity and distribution. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference in IL-6 expression among groups (p < 0.05). Post hoc analysis revealed that K4 and K5 had significantly lower IL-6 expression than K2. No significant difference was found between K4 and K5, nor between K3 and K2, indicating that red ginger extract alone was not effective in significantly reducing IL-6 expression. Conclusion: Azithromycin, both alone and in combination with red ginger extract, effectively reduced IL-6 expression in rats with pneumonia. Red ginger extract alone did not show a significant anti-inflammatory effect in this model. Keywords: Azithromycin, IL-6, Pneumonia, Rattus norvegicus, Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Latar Belakang: Pneumonia masih menjadi salah satu penyebab utama kematian akibat penyakit infeksi, sering dikaitkan dengan peningkatan kadar sitokin proinflamasi seperti Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Zingiber officinale var. rubrum (j…
creator: Karina
creator: Sri Rezeki Arbaningsih
creator: Pinta Pudiyanti Siregar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Karina, Sri Rezeki Arbaningsih, Pinta Pudiyanti Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-08-28
publication date: 2026-08-28
volume: 8
number: 1
starting page: 35
ending page: 41
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v8i1.25715