Utilization of Mengalo as an alternative carbohydrate source and dietary consumption patterns among the Sakai Tribe

Abstract

The Sakai Tribe is an indigenous community that traditionally consumes Mengalo. However, the consumption of fruits and protein-rich foods remains limited. This study aimed to describe food consumption patterns and the utilization of Mengalo as an alternative carbohydrate source among the Sakai Tribe. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 72 Sakai households. The sample size was determined using the Slovin formula with a 90% confidence level. Nutrient intake data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a food recall form. Household dietary diversity was assessed using the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS), while the utilization of Mengalo was measured using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented as percentages. The findings indicated that 43.1% of households had normal energy intake and 58.3% had normal carbohydrate intake. In contrast, protein intake was predominantly classified as a severe deficit in 38.9% of households. The average household dietary diversity was categorized as high (63.9%), although the intake of fruits and protein sources remained relatively low. Regarding local food utilization, 48.6% of households demonstrated a moderate level of Mengalo utilization as an alternative carbohydrate source. In conclusion, Mengalo continues to play an important role in supporting carbohydrate intake among the Sakai Tribe. Nevertheless, efforts are needed to improve the consumption of fruits and protein-rich foods to enhance overall diet quality. Preserving the cultural practice of Mengalo consumption through intergenerational knowledge transfer and exploring more modern processing techniques may contribute to sustaining local food utilization and improving dietary diversity among indigenous communities.